Ubuntu Linux version 16x Administration

• Installations | Upgrades
  • Expand specifications
  • Perform online Desktop upgrade
  • Oscillate Ubuntu Versions
  • Snapshot | Post Confirmation
  • Download and Verify ISO Images
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• Virtualisation | ESXi | Facillitate
  • Showcase environment
  • Perform 'Easy' ISO-based Install
  • Effect 'Normal' installation
  • Provision custom partitions Install
  • Perform Server Upgrade
  • Carry-out MySQL Post-Upgrade Fix
  • Future-proof Server Boot partition via extension
  • Initiate the creation of virtualisation template
  • Extend template to include disparate mounts
  • LVM Extend target partitions in VM image
  • Install VMWare tools to ensure 4D-Synch
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• Core Linux | Unix $HELL Commands
  • ls, pwd, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, whoami
  • alias, cat, file, chmod, chown, history, dd, blkid
  • STDIN | STDOUT, UNIX Pipes, Redirection, Command Chaining
  • ps, df, top, pagers
  • head, tail, which, w, who, sudo, su, wall
  • tar, gzip, bzip2
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• Common Network Clients
  • Discuss various relevant client utilities
  • Networking: ping, netstat, mtr, telnet
  • File Retrieval: Use WGET | Curl | LFTP to retrieve content
  • Name Resolvers: host, nslookup, dig, /etc/hosts
  • Checksum various content
  • Explore Time Administration
  • Replace 'ntpd' with 'chronyd'
  • Discuss applicability
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• Secure Shell | Parallel SSH
  • Peruse delivered environment
  • Expose TTYs
  • Generate SSH PKI Usage Keys
  • Migrate to PKI (Passwordless) AUTH
  • Non-interactively transport content with SCP
  • Interactively move content with SFTP
  • Ensure consistent PKI deployment
  • Install Parallel SSH clients
  • Carry out parallel, SSH-based executions
  • Confirm ordinary results
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• Screen | Persistent TTYs
  • Discuss caveats of default $SHELL access
  • Spawn 'screen' instances
  • Navigate 'screen' instances
  • Detatch | Re-attach | Share 'screen' resources
  • Spawn | Terminate 'screen' instances as desired
  • Oscillate as desired and confirm
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• LSOF
  • Use 'lsof' to expose file | socket usage
  • Use lsof to identify various resources
  • Discuss general usage | applicability
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• File Permissions | User Management
  • Explain standard Linux (DAC) permissions
  • Alter permissions as needed
  • Test access to content
  • SET[GU]ID Exploration
  • Discuss Stickyness
  • Discuss Symbolic Links
  • Implement Soft | Hard Links
  • Examine behavior
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• User | Group Management
  • Identify GUI | $SHELL User Management tools
  • Explore: /etc/{passwd,shadow,group}
  • Provision users | groups as needed
  • Test functionality
  • Modify accounts | groups as desired
  • Confirm configuration
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• Storage Management
  • Explore current storage configuration
  • Provision additional storage as needed
  • Online Resize as desirable
  • Mount | Test | Committ to: /etc/fstab
  • Identify current SWAP environment
  • Allocate SWAP as needed
  • Enable | Committ to: /etc/fstab
  • Logical Volume Management (LVM)
  • Identify default configuration
  • Provision LVM-dedicated storage
  • Configure: PVs | VGs | LVs
  • Extend storage as needed
  • Reduce VG as needed
  • Evaluate results
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• Package Management
  • Identify key 'dpkg' | 'apt-get' | 'aptitude' | 'apt' features
  • Enumerate stock package-set
  • Update current packages
  • Install and confirm packages as desired
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• Cron Scheduler
  • Explore default configuration
  • Discuss scheduling parameters
  • Write simple $HELL script
  • Schedule execution via Cron
  • Alter schedule as desired
  • Confirm expected behavior
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• SYSLOG Configuration
  • Explore default configuration
  • Discuss Syslog Rules
  • Except facilities from catchall: /var/log/syslog
  • Explore key logs
  • Explore LOG Rotation
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• IP Administration
  • Expose Installed configuration
  • Identify available tools | configuration
  • Create interface aliases (sub-interfaces)
  • Test communications | Ensure persistence
  • Add IP ROUTE to access remote subnet
  • Test routing
  • Confirm persistence
  • Oscillate between 'ip' and 'ifconfig' stances
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• DHCP | DNS Servers - Implementation
  • Discuss features and benefits
  • Implement DNS Caching-Only services
  • Explore default configuration
  • Resolve recursively as needed
  • Setup Primary DNS zone
  • Replicate to Secondary DNS server
  • Alter zone | Test replication
  • Implement DHCP Server
  • Dedicate VLAN | Test address assignment
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• FTP Server - Implementation
  • Discuss features and benefits
  • Install the 'mighty' VSFTPD
  • Explore defaults from disparate vantages
  • Connect anonymously - Read | Write
  • AUTH with known subject and evaluate
  • Disable unknown subjects (anonymous) and confirm
  • Tighten stance with forced TLS | SSL for known subjects
  • Ensure straightened posture is aligned
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• Apache HTTPD Server
  • Identify key Apache features
  • Explore default environment
  • Examine Apache logs configuration
  • Provision IP-based Virtual Hosts
  • Provision Name-based Virtual Hosts
  • Ensure distinct logs
  • Test Virtual Host connectivity
  • Implement Apache SSL
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• Apache SSL Configuration
  • Identify key Files and Tools
  • Invoke default SSL configuration and evaluate
  • Generate certificates for default instance
  • Generate certs for virtual hosts and apply
  • Test secure connectivity
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• MySQL | PHPMyAdmin
  • Confirm installation
  • Alter bindings to permit external connections
  • Explore terminal environment
  • Execute ad-hoc commands
  • Manage MySQL instance with the lovely: PHPMyAdmin
  • Discuss opportunities
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• Network Reconnaissance
  • Install NMap
  • Explore footprint
  • Perform local reconnaissance
  • Quickly identify available subnet-based nodes
  • Comprehensive scan of select targets
  • Explore scripts interface and discuss
  • Evaluate results
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• TCPDump | WireShark | Capture | Packets | Analyze | Discuss
  • Explore 'tcpdump' basics
  • Capture wide variety of packets
  • Use BPFs to reduce captured data
  • Replay captures with 'tcpdump'
  • Parse with BPFs as desired
  • Parse captures with WireShark
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Sums

• Various Tools
• Remote Confirmations
• File Metadata
• File Fragments
• Compress Content
• Archive Content
• DIR Hierarchy
• Password Sums
• Shared Secret
• Restrict History
• Downloaded Content
• Encrypt Content
• Site Credentials
• Site COOKIE
• Site COOKIE - Unique

CentOS9x Stream Administration

Basic Linux Skills

• Initial Environment
• ls, pwd, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, whoami
• alias, cat, file, chmod, chown, history
• STD(IN|OUT), Pipes, Redirection, Command Chaining
• ps, df, top, free
• Pagers, W-Commands
• Checksums
• Awk | Sed | Grep Usage
• BASH SHELL Environment
• Compression | Archival Tools
• SSH Equivalence
• SHELL Quoting
• Propagate Environment
• Secure Clients

File System Permissions | Ownership

• Identify Standard File Types
• Standard File Permissions
• Symbolic Links
• Transfer Permissions

Storage Management

• Identify SWAP environment
• Provision dedicated SWAP partitions
• Add | Remove SWAP from pool as needed
• Provision File System-based SWAP
• SWAP Share
• SWAP Persistence
• Identify default storage configuration
• Provision new storage as needed
• XFS - File System
• XFS - Grow File System
• Identify LVM defaults
• Add new partitions to LVM management
• Allocate storage to LVM Volume Groups
• Create Logical Volumes (LVs) as needed
• Overlay File System and mount where applicables
• LVM - Resize
• LVM - Mixed FS
• LVM - SWAP

ZSHELL

• Features
• Install
• Defaults
• General Usage
• Update Accounts

User | Group Management

• Defaults
• Shared PASS Gen
• Unique PASS Gen
• Encrypted PASS Gen
• Update Accounts
• Groups

CRON - Scheduler

• Discuss features | limitations
• Identify default system-wide schedule
• Peruse various default Cron Jobs
• Schedule simple job and monitor recurrence
• Evaluate results

SYSLOG | Log Rotation

• Peruse Default CONF
• Discuss Syslog Rules
• Explore Log Rotate defaults
• Ensure rotated logs are compressed
• Extend default retention scheme
• Force Log Rotation as needed

Package Management

• Explore Default environment
• Install PKGs
• Dump important metadata from packages
• Apply Updates

IP Administration

• Default CONF
• Add | Confirm IPs as needed

NginX - Web Services

• Install
• Copy Configuration
• SELinux - Confirm
• TLS | SSL Services
• cURL Client Tests
• Virtual Hosts
• ENC Sites Only

Security

• SFTP Only USER
• SFTP Only USER - NOLOGIN
• SFTP Only Group - Control
• NMap Intro

SysLOG with rSysLogD

• Discuss Features
• Default Environment
• Kernel Firewall LOG
• Split LOGs by Priorities
• UDP | TCP Logging
• Dual L4 Logging
• Multiple Hosts
• Basic Queueing
• Reliable Event Logging Protocol (RELP)
• RELP - Remote Only
• RELP Only
• Traditional to RELP
• SysLOG Clear-Text - Confirm
• Property Filters
• Expression Filters
• Relay Chain

Netfilter Tables

• Features
• SSHGuard
• Ruleset Basics
• Persistence
• Sample Rules
• Inbound Filtering
• Dormant Table
• Manage Tables | Chains | Rules
• Counters
• Sets
• LOG Basics
• LOG with Sets
• Closed-Port LOGs
• LOG Options
• Re-Route LOGs
• Jump Targets
• Chain Jumping
• GoTo Chains
• Meta Selectors

Debian 12x Administration

Installations

• Features
• Download
• Graphical Install
• Text Install
• Post-Install Tweaks

$SHELL BASICS

• Explore usage of the following useful commands
• tty | /dev/pts | w | whoami | who
• set | env | export | unset
• cat | echo | touch | rm
• pwd | ls | cd | mkdir | alias | umask
• head | tail
• dd
• find
• history
• STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR, UNIX Pipes, Redirection, Command Chaining
• ps, df, free, top, dd
• stat, which, w, who
• tar | gzip | bzip2 | xz
• ZSH Setup

Secure Communications

• Explore SSH defaults
• Use SSH to connect to targets
• Transfer data with: scp | sftp | rsync

Files | Permissions

• Explain common Linux file permissions
• chmod | chgrp | chown
• Discuss various Linux file attributes | features
• SETUID | SETGID | STICKY Bit
• SymLinks: Hard | Soft

User Management

• Features
• useradd | adduser | usermod | userdel
• groupadd | groupmod | groupdel
• Create $USERs in Parallel
• $USER Passwords | mkpasswd | python3
• Generate Random Passwords
• Store Randomly-generated Passwords for Reference
• Encrypted Pass - Unique Users
• Default SHELL
• NO TTY Access
• Disable SSH Access

Storage Management

• Features
• Installation Defaults: File System Table
• Provision Storage
• GPT Label | Create Partition(s) | File System | Mount | Persistence
• Duplicate Drives
• Duplicate Varied Sizes
• Online Resizing (Up-Sizing)
• Provision SWAP
• Logical Volume Management (LVM)
• LVM Features
• Allocate Storage to LVM
• LVM | VG Resizing
• Fix sudo PATH
• Point-Release Upgrade

Cron | SystemD | Logs

• Cron Features
• Cron Job Execution
• Journal Control Features
• Booted Kernels
• SystemD Features

Package Management

• Explore default APT configuration
• Identify commonly-used package management tools
• Enumerate installed packages
• Identify package owners based on system binaries
• Discuss 'apt' and 'dpkg' options
• Install | Remove various packages

Networking

• Network Tools | IP Configuration
• Examine default IP configuration
• Extend IP configuration to facilitate additional addresses
• Static IP Config
• Dual: Dynamic | Static Config
• Multiple Interfaces
• Dual Network Services
• Confirm communications

SFTP-Only Access

• Features
• Restrict $USER to SFTP Access
• Confirm limited $SHELL
• SFTP-Only Group
• SFTP-Only Password AUTH

NMap Reconnaissance

• Identifiy key NMAP configuration files
• Identify commonly used NMAP options/switches/parameters
• Scan Server resource
• Perform default TCP Connect-based ethical scans of local and remote resources

PHP One-Liners

• General Usage
• Count Lines
• Word Count
• Count Chars
• Split Lines into ARRAY
• Count Instances of Fields
• Transform Delimiters
• Anonymize LOGs
• Extract Unique SRCs
• Lines by Error Code
• LOG By Code
• Summarize Error Codes
• Pre-Seed Error Codes
• Random Strings
• Varied Passwords
• Expose Undefined Passwords
• Outdated Passwords
• Hash | Un-Hash

Cloud Storage with GlusterFS

Features

• Discuss Features:
• Default Volume Type
• Common Volume Types
• Transport Types
• File System Support
• Storage Model

Single Instance

• Features
• Provision Storage
• Allocate GlusterFS Brick
• Persistence
• Generate IO
• Multiple File Systems
• Various Sizes
• Stop | Remove Volume
• Reconstitute Volume
• Server Mount
• Evaluate

Volume Sizing

• Features
• Provision Storage
• Partition | FS | Mount | Brick
• Extend Volume
• Monitor IO Distribution
• Shrink Volume
• Confirm Reallocation
• Remove Bricks

Brick Matters

• Add | Replace Bricks
• Confirm Data Transfer
• UUID Mounts
• Migrate Mounts

Distributed Volume

• Features
• Probe Storage Instances
• Provision Storage
• Extend Shared Volume
• Mount any Server
• List Storage Spread
• Dismantle Volume
• Confirm Data-Availability
• Volume Reconstruction

Replica Volume

• Features
• Existing Bricks
• Re-Use Allocated Storage
• Define New Bricks
• Create Volume
• Generate | Monitor IO
• Fail NODEs
• Evaluate

Shared Web Instances

• Features
• Explore Environment
• Create New Replica Volume
• Mount on Web Servers
• Ensure Persistence
• Update NginX Web Server Config
• Fetch Content
• Down Storage NODE | Test
• Restore NODE | Confirm Content

OpenPGP with GPG

Features

• Discuss Features:
• Primary Tool
• Private | Public Keys
• Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS)
• Encryption | Decryption
• Signing | Verification

Symmetric - Encryption

• Features
• General Usage
• Create Content
• Encrypt
• PassPhrase Protect
• Binary | Text Encryption
• Share
• Decrypt

Compression

• Features
• Vary Algos
• Compare Results

CLI PassPhrase

• Caveats
• Random PassPhrases
• Store PassPhrases
• Encrypt | Decrypt | Confirm

PKI Keypairs

• Use Case
• Generate Keypairs
• Export | Import
• Share
• Sign
• URI Import

Asymmetric - Encryption

• Features
• Identify Public Keys
• Encrypt to Recipients
• Vary Key Identifcation
• Share Content
• Confirm Decryption
• Confirm Invalid Recipient

Sign | Verify

• Features
• Encryption | Decryption Distinction
• Sign | Share Content
• Confirm Signatures
• Missing Public Key
• Sign | Encrypt | Decrypt | Verify
• Encrypt | Sign | Verify | Decrypt

SSL-TLS with OpenSSL

Features

• Discuss Features:
• Primary Tool
• Private | Public Keys
• Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs)
• Self-Signed Certificates
• Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS)
• Encryption | Decryption
• Random String Generation
• Message Digests
• SSL-TLS Client

Secure Client

• Features
• General Usage
• Retrieve Site Certificates
• Determine OCSP Configuration
• Probe supported TLS Versions
• Extract Certificate for local usage
• Retrieve Certificate with NMap
• Retrieve Certificate Chain

Download | Read Certificate

• Fetch Certificate
• x509 Query Fields
• Fingerprints
• One-Liner
• Export Public Key from Certificate
• Dump Public Key

Random Values

• Generate Random Bytes
• Yield various Formats
• Create Random Files on Target
• Define Random $USERs
• Track defined $USERs

Message Digests

• Features
• Generate Digests
• Install SHA3-SUM
• Vary Content
• Compare Digests
• Remote Digests
• Store Digests

PKI - Public | Private Key Pairs

• Features
• Common Algorithms
• Generate Multiple Private Keys
• Export Public Keys
• Confirm Keys
• Remove and Re-Export Public Keys
• Generate Non-Default RSA Keys
• Password-Protected Keys
• Share PRIV_KEY and Confirm

Encryption | Decryption

• Features
• Base64 Encode | Decode
• AES-256 Encryption | Decryption
• Base64 Representation
• Decode | Decrypt
• Deterministic Examples
• Asymmetric Encrypts | Decrypts

Sign | Verify

• Features
• "pkeyutl" Sub-Command
• RSA Signatures
• ED(448|25519) Signatures
• RSA-PSS Signatures
• Eliptical Curve Signatures
• "-rawin" effect
• Encrypt | Sign | Verify | Decrypt
• Sign | Encrypt | Decrypt | Verify

Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

• Discuss
• Generate Private Keys
• Generate Correlating CSRs
• Confirm Keys | CSRs
• Self-Signed Certificates

Self-Signed Certs

• Generate
• CA Store
• Root CA
• Various ALGOs
• Internal Domain
• SYMLINK Keys
• Password-Protected PRIV_KEY

SSH Variables

• Discuss Features
• Bare VARs
• SSH Client
• Double Quotes
• Single Quotes
• SSH Environment

SHELL Variables

• Discuss Features
• Terminal (TTY)
• CLI Arguments
• Process ID
• Backgrounded
• SHELL Local
• Environment
• Persistence
• Aliases
• Command Substitution
• Increment | Decrement
• Dynamism