Security Enhanced Linux

SELinux Security - Module IV

• Access Control Models
  • Describe Access Control Model (ACM) theories (DAC/MAC/nDAC)
  • Explain features & shortcomings of Discretionary Access Control (DAC) models
  • Identify key DAC-based utilities
  • Discuss the advantages & caveats of Mandatory Access Control (MAC)models
  • Explore DAC-based programs
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• SELinux - Basics
  • Discuss subjects & objects
  • Explain how SELinux is implemented in 2.6.x-based kernels
  • Confirm SELinux support in the kernel
  • Identify key SELinux packages
  • Use sestatus to obtain the current SELinux mode
  • Discuss subject & object labeling
  • Describe the 3 SELinux operating modes
  • Identify key utilities & files, which dictate the current SELinux operating mode
  • Focus on the features of SELinux permissive mode
  • Explore the boot process as it relates to SELinux
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• SELinux - Object Labeling
  • Discuss subject & object labeling
  • Discuss the role of extended attributes (XATTRs)
  • Expose the labels of specific objects
  • Alter the lables of specific objects
  • Configure SELinux to automatically label objects per security policy
  • Reset the system and confirm labels on altered objects
  • Explain security tuples
  • Use fixfiles to restore object labels on running system per security policy
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• SELinux - Type Contexts - Security Labels Applied to Objects
  • Intro to object security tuples - security labels
  • Attempt to serve HTML content using Apache in SELinux enforcing mode
  • Identify problematic object security labels
  • Serve HTML content in SELinux permissive mode
  • Use chcon to alter object security labels
  • Switch to enforcing mode & confirm the ability to serve HTML content
  • Use restorecon to restore object security context (labels)
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• SELinux - Basic Commands - Type & Domain Exposition
  • ps - reveal subjects' security context (security label) - Domains
  • ls - reveal objects' security label - Types
  • cp - preserve/inherit security labels
  • mv - preserve security labels
  • id - expose subject security label
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• SELinux - Targeted Policy - Binary
  • Explain the Targeted Policy's features
  • Discuss policy transitions for domains
  • Compare & contrast confined & unconfined states
  • Exempt Apache daemon from the auspicies of the targeted policy's confined state
  • Evaluate results after exemption
  • Explain the security contexts applied to subjects & objects
  • Peruse key targeted binary policy files
  • Identify the daemons protected by the targeted policy
  • Discuss the unconfined_t domain - subject label
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• SELinux - Targeted Policy - Source
  • Install the targeted policy source files
  • Identify & discuss TE and FC files
  • Explore file_contexts - context definition for objects
  • Discuss the file context syntax
  • Explain the purpose of using run_init to initiate SELinux-protected daemons
  • Switch between permissive & enforcing modes and evaluate behavior
  • Peruse the key files in the targeted source policy
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• SELinux - Miscellaneous Utilities - Logging
  • Use tar to archive SELinux-protected objects
  • Confirm security labels on tar-archived objects
  • Use the tar substitute 'star' to archive extended attributes(XATTRs)
  • Confirm security labels on star-archived objects
  • Discuss the role of the AVC
  • Examine SELinux logs - /var/log/messages
  • Alter Syslog configuration to route SELinux messages to an ideal location
  • Use SETools, shell-based programs to output real-time statistics
  • Install & use SEAudit graphical SELinux log-management tool
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• SELinux - RedHat® Enterprise 5.x - Exploration
  • Explore configuration & key utilities
  • Transition from 'disabled' to 'permissive' mode
  • Focus on Apache web server behavior
  • Enable UserDir functionality & test content access
  • Transition to 'enforcing' mode
  • Examine Apache behvavior in restricted environment
  • Adjust SELinux directives
  • Evaluate results
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• SELinux - Network Ports - Service Restrictions
  • Explore standard behavior
  • Configure new application bindings
  • Examine SELinux intervention
  • Rectify SELinux configuration for multiple services
  • Evaluate results
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CentOS9x Stream Administration

• Initial Environment
• ls, pwd, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, whoami
• alias, cat, file, chmod, chown, history
• STD(IN|OUT), Pipes, Redirection, Command Chaining
• ps, df, top, free
• Pagers, W-Commands
• Checksums
• Awk | Sed | Grep Usage
• BASH SHELL Environment
• Compression | Archival Tools
• SSH Equivalence
• SHELL Quoting
• Propagate Environment
• Secure Clients

• Identify Standard File Types
• Standard File Permissions
• Symbolic Links
• Transfer Permissions

• Identify SWAP environment
• Provision dedicated SWAP partitions
• Add | Remove SWAP from pool as needed
• Provision File System-based SWAP
• SWAP Share
• SWAP Persistence
• Identify default storage configuration
• Provision new storage as needed
• XFS - File System
• XFS - Grow File System
• Identify LVM defaults
• Add new partitions to LVM management
• Allocate storage to LVM Volume Groups
• Create Logical Volumes (LVs) as needed
• Overlay File System and mount where applicables
• LVM - Resize
• LVM - Mixed FS
• LVM - SWAP

• Features
• Install
• Defaults
• General Usage
• Update Accounts

• Defaults
• Shared PASS Gen
• Unique PASS Gen
• Encrypted PASS Gen
• Update Accounts
• Groups

• Discuss features | limitations
• Identify default system-wide schedule
• Peruse various default Cron Jobs
• Schedule simple job and monitor recurrence
• Evaluate results

• Peruse Default CONF
• Discuss Syslog Rules
• Explore Log Rotate defaults
• Ensure rotated logs are compressed
• Extend default retention scheme
• Force Log Rotation as needed

• Explore Default environment
• Install PKGs
• Dump important metadata from packages
• Apply Updates

• Default CONF
• Add | Confirm IPs as needed

• Install
• Copy Configuration
• SELinux - Confirm
• TLS | SSL Services
• cURL Client Tests
• Virtual Hosts
• ENC Sites Only

• SFTP Only USER
• SFTP Only USER - NOLOGIN
• SFTP Only Group - Control
• NMap Intro

SysLOG with rSysLogD

• Discuss Features
• Default Environment
• Kernel Firewall LOG
• Split LOGs by Priorities
• UDP | TCP Logging
• Dual L4 Logging
• Multiple Hosts
• Basic Queueing
• Reliable Event Logging Protocol (RELP)
• RELP - Remote Only
• RELP Only
• Traditional to RELP
• SysLOG Clear-Text - Confirm
• Property Filters
• Expression Filters
• Relay Chain

Netfilter Tables

• Features
• SSHGuard
• Ruleset Basics
• Persistence
• Sample Rules
• Inbound Filtering
• Dormant Table
• Manage Tables | Chains | Rules
• Counters
• Sets
• LOG Basics
• LOG with Sets
• Closed-Port LOGs
• LOG Options
• Re-Route LOGs
• Jump Targets
• Chain Jumping
• GoTo Chains
• Meta Selectors

Debian 12x Administration

• Features
• Download
• Graphical Install
• Text Install
• Post-Install Tweaks

• Explore usage of the following useful commands
• tty | /dev/pts | w | whoami | who
• set | env | export | unset
• cat | echo | touch | rm
• pwd | ls | cd | mkdir | alias | umask
• head | tail
• dd
• find
• history
• STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR, UNIX Pipes, Redirection, Command Chaining
• ps, df, free, top, dd
• stat, which, w, who
• tar | gzip | bzip2 | xz
• ZSH Setup

• Network Tools | IP Configuration
• Examine default IP configuration
• Extend IP configuration to facilitate additional addresses
• Static IP Config
• Dual: Dynamic | Static Config
• Multiple Interfaces
• Dual Network Services
• Confirm communications

PHP One-Liners

• General Usage
• Count Lines
• Word Count
• Count Chars
• Split Lines into ARRAY
• Count Instances of Fields
• Transform Delimiters
• Anonymize LOGs
• Extract Unique SRCs
• Lines by Error Code
• LOG By Code
• Summarize Error Codes
• Pre-Seed Error Codes
• Random Strings
• Varied Passwords
• Expose Undefined Passwords
• Outdated Passwords
• Hash | Un-Hash

Cloud Storage with GlusterFS

• Discuss Features:
• Default Volume Type
• Common Volume Types
• Transport Types
• File System Support
• Storage Model

• Features
• Provision Storage
• Allocate GlusterFS Brick
• Persistence
• Generate IO
• Multiple File Systems
• Various Sizes
• Stop | Remove Volume
• Reconstitute Volume
• Server Mount
• Evaluate

OpenPGP with GPG

• Discuss Features:
• Primary Tool
• Private | Public Keys
• Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS)
• Encryption | Decryption
• Signing | Verification

• Features
• General Usage
• Create Content
• Encrypt
• PassPhrase Protect
• Binary | Text Encryption
• Share
• Decrypt

SSL-TLS with OpenSSL

• Discuss Features:
• Primary Tool
• Private | Public Keys
• Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs)
• Self-Signed Certificates
• Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS)
• Encryption | Decryption
• Random String Generation
• Message Digests
• SSL-TLS Client

• Features
• General Usage
• Retrieve Site Certificates
• Determine OCSP Configuration
• Probe supported TLS Versions
• Extract Certificate for local usage
• Retrieve Certificate with NMap
• Retrieve Certificate Chain

• Discuss
• Generate Private Keys
• Generate Correlating CSRs
• Confirm Keys | CSRs
• Self-Signed Certificates

SSH Variables

• Discuss Features
• Bare VARs
• SSH Client
• Double Quotes
• Single Quotes
• SSH Environment

SHELL Variables

• Discuss Features
• Terminal (TTY)
• CLI Arguments
• Process ID
• Backgrounded
• SHELL Local
• Environment
• Persistence
• Aliases
• Command Substitution
• Increment | Decrement
• Dynamism

zsync

• Discuss Features
• Prep Content
• Compression
• File Names